Works with No Date ✐ 

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When using a source without a date, use the initials n.d. (for no date).  Here are examples in the narrative format and the parenthetical format. 

Narrative citation

Thomas (n.d.) argues that the benefits of online learning far outweigh the drawbacks. 

Parenthetical citation

One proponent of online education contends that there are far more benefits than drawbacks to this learning platform (Thomas, n.d.).

Additional notes

• As much as possible, use sources that have publication dates. 

• Sources that lack dates can call currency and reliability into question.