Audiovisual Media ✐
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Motion picture
Kershner, I. (Director), & Kurtz, G. (Producer). (1980). The empire strikes back [Film]. Lucasfilm.
The last field indicates the name of the studio. Music album
Bon Iver. (2007). For Emma, forever ago [CD]. Jagjaguwar.
The last field indicates the name of the label.
Music single recording
Red Hot Chili Peppers. (2011). Factory of faith [Song]. On I'm with you. Warner Bros. Records.
Online image with named creator
Nienartowicz, K. (2022, August). Faroe Islands [Photograph]. https://500px.com/photo/1110401492/faroe-islands-by-karol-nienartowicz
Online image with unnamed creator (If the image has no title, give a brief description.)
Radish and pea pod spring salad [Photograph]. (2024, April 15).
https://www.cnn.com/wbd/spring-side-dishes-that-will-round-out-your-menu/index.html
Online video/YouTube - real name and screen name (If both the real name and screen name are available, include both.)
Crone, S.B. [shanebitneycrone]. (2012, May 6). It could happen to you [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pR9gyloyOjM
Online video/YouTube - screen name only (Style the screen name as is.)
SciShow. (2014, March 17). Migraines: Not just another headache [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8TzqrRbPlY
Podcast episode
Luse, B. (Host). (2025, March03). Want to be less lonely? Here are five tips. [Audio podcast episode]. It's Been a Minute. NPR.
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1263527051
Television series
Kohan, J. (Executive producer). Orange is the new black [TV series]. Netflix.
The last field indicates the name of the network.
Television single episode
Gilligan, V. (Writer), & Slovis, M. (Director). (2012). Live free or die (Season 5, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In Breaking bad. AMC Networks.
Video game
2K Boston. (2007). BioShock [Video game]. 2K Games.
The first field indicates the name of developer/creator, and the last field indicates the name of the publisher.
Additional notes
Real names are not always available for certain sources, e.g., videos and images. If the user's real name is not available, use the screen name.
For works with two to seven named authors, use the same format as print books.
Use the year, month, and day format for images and cartoons.
Write out a work's title like you would write out a sentence: Capitalize the first word, any proper nouns, and the first word after a colon.
Italicize titles of all major works, e.g., titles of books, periodicals, movies, music albums, video games, and TV series.